Date of Award

2025

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Department

Atmospheric and Earth Science

Committee Chair

John Christy

Committee Member

Leiqiu Hu

Committee Member

Roy Spencer

Committee Member

Rob Junod

Research Advisor

John Christy

Subject(s)

Climatology--Research--California--San Francisco, Atmospheric pressure--California--San Francisco, California--Climate

Abstract

This data-recovery project and subsequent data analyses address the construction of a continuous, long instrumental record of sea level pressure for San Francisco, California, USA and examines what the time series may reveal about atmospheric patterns through time. Atmospheric pressure is a physical component which is associated with both daily and seasonal weather phenomena and is one of the most robust of the meteorological variables. Observational data of surface pressure (SFP) and later sea level pressure (SLP) were accessed from digital archives, with a large part of these being manually keyed from original observations on paper. San Francisco, being near sea level and with a small amplitude of temperature variations, allowed the conversion of SFP to SLP to be made with little ambiguity. There were four locations in the area, all near sea level, which provided observations and which were merged into a single time series using morning (~0700) and evening (~1900) daily values. The construction procedure identified and corrected for outlier values among other issues. The dataset begins on 1 Mar 1852 and ends with 31 Dec 2021. It was found, as expected, that prolonged extreme precipitation episodes are well-correlated with SLP while seasonal Sierra Nevada snowfall and nominal heavy rainfall events were less correlated. The phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation is found to have no significant relationship with San Francisco’s SLP. Pacific Decadal Oscillation phase also had no significant relationship. Comparison with CMIP6 model output indicated significant differences in basic patterns such as the phase and amplitude of the annual cycle of SLP.

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